Powering the Next Generation of Finance

Join institutional innovators choosing Avalanche and its unique Subnet architecture and capabilities to power the next generation of financial services.

About Avalanche Evergreen

Avalanche Evergreen Subnets offer a suite of blockchain deployments and tooling designed to address company-specific and industry-wide considerations. Evergreen Subnets maintain the benefits of public network development, including interoperability and composability, while enabling particular chain-level features only possible in enterprise blockchains.

Customizability features include:
Built-in user and validator permissioning
based on KYC/KYB standards, geofencing based on jurisdictional requirements, and other regulatory considerations
Custom gas token employment
Gasless transaction facilitation
Out-of-the-box EVM compatibility, custom execution environments are available
...And more
Explore & quantify the benefits of on-chain finance
introducing

The Spruce Testnet

Enables traditional buy- and sell-side institutions to engage with public blockchain infrastructures in a low risk, low barrier-to-entry way.

Experiment with self-executing applications and blockchain rails to facilitate faster, more efficient and cost-effective financial services.

Other Evergreen Subnets

Onyx by J.P Morgan and Apollo Global delivered a proof-of-concept (PoC) that marked a pivotal step toward revolutionizing the asset and wealth management industry. It demonstrated the possibility of including tokenized alternative investments (“alts”) alongside liquid assets in discretionary client portfolios and leveraged a variety of protocols and infrastructure partners, including an Avalanche Evergreen Subnet. 

Our work under Project Guardian demonstrates a significant opportunity for the asset and wealth management industry. By leveraging the power of blockchain technology we have shown how the construction and management of discretionary portfolios could be revolutionized.
Tyrone Lobban
Head of Onyx Digital Assets

Other Evergreen Subnets

Intain empowers participants in the multi-trillion dollar structured finance market to issue & trade asset-backed securities on-chain. This structured finance platform facilitates administration of $5.5B in assets, and launched an on-chain marketplace for tokenized asset-backed securities on an Avalanche Subnet.

The commitment of Ava Labs and the wider Avalanche ecosystem who share our vision of fully compliant blockchain-enabled systems for financial services, has been critical to the launch of IntainMARKETS
Siddhartha
Founder and CEO  |  Intain

Reflexivity Research Case Study

Download Reflexivity’s case study on Bringing the Next Cohort of Financial Institutions On-Chain with Avalanche.

Evergreen is Ava Labs’ productization of Subnet technology specifically for Financial Institutions. with Evergreen, Financial institutions can easily and quickly spin up Subnets with the features they need.
Reflexivity Research
Founder and CEO  |  Intain

Evergreen Fact Sheet

Curious about evergreen and building subnets on Avalanche? Our fact sheet outlines the program and answers many commonly asked questions.

The Avalanche Network ultimately offers a perfect synthesis of the strengths of public and private blockchains, which is why we are thrilled to debut Avalanche Evergreen.
Morgan Krupetsky
Director of Business Development | Ava Labs

Avalanche Vista

The Avalanche Foundation is allocating up to $50M to purchase tokenized assets (often referred to as “real world assets'' or tokenized “off-chain assets”) minted on the Avalanche blockchain.

Asset tokenization isn’t just the future of capital markets, it’s a critical driver of the present. The groundswell of momentum across institutions building on-chain has been astounding, and the Avalanche Foundation is taking a big leap forward with this initiative.
John Wu
President  |  Ava Labs

The Block Report

In this report we offer an overview on the dynamic space of tokenizing OCAs,  exploring advantages and obstacles, while delving into innovative projects and protocols in this field.  

Among other findings, we report the significant  benefits that tokenizing  OCAs may offer across key economic  sectors. The most important of these benefits are improvements in asset management and administration, market efficiency and liquidity, as well as risk diversification.
The Block
President  |  Ava Labs

Avalanche Subnets

Sub-networks, or Subnets, are a dramatic step forward over existing blockchain models that enforce a uniform set of rules across the entire network, meaning a simple NFT launch and a multi-billion dollar loan between institutions are beholden to the same network toolkit and logic.

Subnets are ‘custom blockchains’ that give builders control and scalability within the broader Avalanche Network.

With Subnets, individuals and enterprises can control all layers of their platform, including custom virtual machines, gas tokens, compliance requirements, data encryption privacy and permissioning, and more.

Avalanche Subnets

Sub-networks, or Subnets, are a dramatic step forward over existing blockchain models that enforce a uniform set of rules across the entire network, meaning a simple NFT launch and a multi-billion dollar loan between institutions are beholden to the same network toolkit and logic.

Subnets are ‘custom blockchains’ that give builders control and scalability within the broader Avalanche Network.

With Subnets, individuals and enterprises can control all layers of their platform, including custom virtual machines, gas tokens, compliance requirements, data encryption privacy and permissioning, and more.

Powering the next generation of finance

Get in touch to launch your use case with Evergreen Subnets, or to discuss further.

FAQ

What is a Subnet?

The technical definition of a Subnetwork, or Subnet, is a subset of Avalanche primary network validators working together to achieve consensus on the state of a blockchain or set of blockchains. Each blockchain is validated by exactly one Subnet; however, a Subnet can validate, or contain, more than one blockchain. A given node may be a member of arbitrarily many Subnets. It manages its own membership and may require that its constituent validators have certain properties. Subnets are independent and don’t share execution thread, storage, or networking with other Subnets or the Avalanche Primary Network, effectively allowing the network to scale up easily while enabling lower latency, higher transactions per second (TPS), and lower transaction costs. They also share the benefits provided by the Avalanche Protocol such as low cost and time to finality through Avalanche Consensus.

Practically, Subnets are application-specific L1 blockchains that collectively constitute the Avalanche network. They can be customized along a wide array of parameters and features to ensure optimization for any given application or use case--including, but not limited to, Institutional, Enterprise, Government, Gaming, Healthcare, and DeFi deployments.

Does Primary Network traffic affect Subnet network traffic?

No. Subnets have their own state and execution thread, so they do not share the processing, TPS, or networking with the Primary Network. This enables lower latency, higher transactions per second (TPS), and lower transaction costs for the activity on any given Subnet. 

This is a big reason why companies and builders decide to deploy their use cases on Subnets, especially for those applications that require high-throughput and/or facilitate low value asset asset transfer where high transaction fees make activity prohibitively expensive to execute.

Do Subnet validators also validate the Primary Network?

Yes. At this time, Subnet validators validate both the Subnet as well as the Primary Network (containing the X-, P-, and C-Chains). It is up to the node operator to ensure the optimal health of their node(s). However, for regulated Institutions who are looking for a service to validate the Primary Network or who are unable to hold crypto tokens, i.e., AVAX, to do so, the AvaCloud offering provides various services to manage this requirement in tandem with or on behalf of clients. To learn more, please contact avastudios@avalabs.org

What is the minimum amount of validators a Subnet requires for Mainnet?

For Mainnet deployments, a minimum of 5-8 validators is suggested. A Subnet with less is not recommended since it could halt more easily if one or more validators go offline. As a general rule, Subnets should have as many validators as possible.

How are transactions paid for on Subnets?

For Subnet-EVM, transactions are paid for by the native token of the platform, which can be AVAX, a stablecoin, or any other token–whether valuable or valueless (see below for further information). The initial balances can be defined on the chain by inputting them in the genesis.json and used to supply defined addresses with an initial starting balance.
It should be noted that only one token can be used for the network fee, and this cannot be split between multiple tokens on a given Subnet.

Subnet Customizations

Who is a Subnet Operator and what is the difference between an Operator and an Administrator?

A Subnet Operator is anyone who holds the control keys for the Subnet. The Subnet Operator has Administrator privileges on the pre-compiles (see below for more information) and Subnet configuration and is responsible for ensuring the network architecture remains aligned with the intended goals of the Subnet. A Subnet Operator can enable other Admin or User privileges for individual addresses on the Subnet. Additionally, the Subnet Operator and Admin(s) can be different entities. This guarantees that the Subnet Operator remains in control of their network but enables them to assign Admins to carry out the development functions.  

Can I use custom virtual machines (VMs) on my Subnet?

Avalanche Subnets can be deployed as EVM compatible; however, they can also be deployed on any other VMs that are available. For example, a Subnet can be optimized using a VM such as HyperVM, Rust, MOVE, and more. Conceptually, this means that other L1s being built and developed based on non-EVM VMs can be deployed as Avalanche Subnets with Avalanche Consensus (i.e., think, Solana or Aptos as a Subnet) while maintaining the ability to seamlessly interoperate with the other blockchains within the Avalanche network.

In addition, Avalanche’s being VM-agnostic means that, while the network will continue to evolve with optimizations to and innovations surrounding the EVM, it can also continue to scale and grow with continued innovation in the broader VM space.

What are stateful pre-compiles?

Stateful pre-compiles are similar to programming libraries and can be thought of as widgets or pre-batched templates for executing certain functions. In other words, they are pre-compiled smart contracts that enable developers to add specific customizations or functionalities at the blockchain level (i.e., through state access) to their EVM Subnet without writing a single line of solidity. 

Practically, stateful pre-compiles are readymade blockchain-level customization features that can be implemented in any given Subnet to meet different companies’ or builders’ requirements or use cases. Some examples include pre-compiles determining who can access and transact on the blockchain, who can deploy smart contracts on the blockchain, what the transaction fees are on the blockchain, and more. See below for more detailed examples. 

What is the Transaction AllowList pre-compile?

This pre-compile restricts the users that can submit transactions on the Subnet through an allowlist. When this is enabled, Subnet Operators can define the wallet addresses that are able to transact on the Subnet (based on any number of whitelisting criteria such as AML/KYC, investor accreditation, jurisdictional considerations, etc.) and can set their roles as either Admins or Users. This allows the Subnet Operator to determine who participates in the blockchain network and how they can participate based on various specifications relevant to the Operators’ use case(s) or application(s). The allowlist can be dynamically updated based on various conditions and/or can be manually amended by the Subnet Operator. 

What is the Contract AllowList pre-compile?

This pre-compile determines which wallet addresses can deploy smart contracts on the Subnet. The Subnet Operator can determine which users have this ability based on whichever criteria is relevant or required (e.g., AML/KYC, jurisdictional considerations, membership of a certain consortium or industry group, etc.). This level of customization ensures that–where needed–compliance and security specifications can be implemented properly when the Subnet launches. The allowlist can be dynamically updated based on various conditions and/or can be manually amended by the Subnet Operator. 

What is the Minting Native Coins pre-compile?

In the standard EVM, initial allocation of native (gas) tokens is done by minting them to certain wallet addresses in the genesis. After launch the only way to create new tokens is through block mining rewards. Since Avalanche uses PoS, there is no block mining; therefore, there is no way to mint new tokens, which can be limiting as the amount of tokens will always diminish and eventually run out. To address this issue, the Native Minter pre-compile allows the Subnet Operator to mint new tokens to specific addresses for their Subnet at any point after the Subnet launch. Like other Subnet Controls, Operators can add new wallets to use this and set their role to Admin or User.

What is the Configuring Dynamic Fees pre-compile?

Subnets can be designed with their own custom dynamic gas fees. This offers a multitude of options to generate fees that can be used to help incentivize network growth and other operations, as well as provide a dynamic network congestion control by automatically adjusting the gas price to current network conditions.

While it is possible to allow transactions free of charge on a Subnet, this poses a serious Denial of Service risk. If users can freely and anonymously spam the blockchain with transactions, this may cause legitimate users to run into high congestion and have a poor overall experience when interacting with the Subnet. For this reason, it is recommended to use non-zero fees in order to provide some spam prevention on your chain.

There are, however, solutions that allow for no transaction costs to Subnet end users, including gasless relayers, token allocation at onboarding, etc.; the AvaStudios team can help consult on an optimal solution. 

In the standard EVM, the configuration of dynamic fees is locked in at genesis and the only way to change this is to perform a network upgrade, which is a very sensitive operation requiring a high level of coordination with validators and other network actors. Since the optimal way to configure dynamic fees is hard to know in advance before launch and optimal fee configuration can change over time, often it would be beneficial to be able to change the fee configuration after post- launch. To make the process easier, the Dynamic Fees Config pre-compile was created to enable this post-launch amendment with a simple on-chain transaction rather than a full network upgrade, vastly simplifying and de-risking the operation.

What is the Reward Address pre-compile?

By default, all fees on the Avalanche network are burned, and the same goes for Subnets. Through the Reward Config pre-compile, however, the Subnet Operator can customize the way accumulated gas fees are distributed as rewards. There are various options available as Subnet rewards can be sent to a predefined address, burned, or collected by block producers. They can even be sent to a smart contract address where a more complex reward system can be applied. For example, this could be used as an incentive to increase the amount of validators on the Subnet by offering rewards for adhering to certain parameters set forth by the Subnet Operator. 

Can Subnets use different tokens for gas and staking?

For permissioned (PoA) Subnets, staking of tokens by validators is not required by the platform, and the mechanism for admitting Subnet validators is entirely up to the Subnet Operator. Operators can require validators to stake whichever token they desire or they can require some other arrangement (legal contract, for example) that does not involve tokens at all.

For permissionless (elastic) Subnets, the platform does not prescribe which token must be used for staking and is up to the Subnet Operator to determine. It can be the Subnet gas token or any other non-liquid token.

Simply put, a Subnet Operator can provision the Subnet to use a different token for gas and staking if desired.

Does the gas token need to be AVAX?

A Subnet does not require the gas token to be AVAX. A custom gas token can be utilized instead on the network.

How is the native token of my Subnet minted?

Since a Subnet can define a custom VM, the minting logic for the native token is also customizable. Subnet Operators have complete control to create per block minting logic or the ability to manipulate the EVM state they’d like by creating a fork of Subnet-EVM. The simplest way to define some form of minting logic is to set the address that the Subnet will use to receive all of the fees, which allows the Subnet Operator to re-distribute the funds as they see fit. 

Evergreen Subnets

What is an Evergreen Subnet?

Avalanche Evergreen Subnets are out-of-the-box blockchains and tooling for Financial Institutions, specifically designed to account for company-specific and industry-wide considerations. Built-in and further customizable features include EVM compatibility, blockchain-level user permissioning (embedded allow lists based on KYC/KYB or other requirements), a permissioned validator set, and custom gas token. See here and here for examples.

Overall, Evergreen Subnets reap the benefits of public network development, innovation, and native integrations while enabling embedded, blockchain-level features only possible in enterprise blockchains–all while maintaining interoperability and composability where relevant for a particular application or use case.

Is an Evergreen Subnet private?

Yes, by default an Evergreen Subnet is a permissioned Subnet utilizing specific pre-compiles and architecture to enable customizable controls. From a privacy perspective, this means that blockchain transaction data is made visible only to the specific Subnet validators. 

For more granular transaction-level privacy, there are several options that can be additionally implemented (e.g., data encryption options, homomorphic encryption, the use of multiple permissioned Subnets, etc.); to learn more, please contact avastudios@avalabs.org

How do I launch an Evergreen Subnet?  

In order to launch an Evergreen Subnet please review the following documentation to launch a Subnet locally or on testnet. Ensure the genesis.json includes the pre-compiles for the TX AllowList and the Contract AllowList. 

If you are interested in managed services for your deployment, please schedule a meeting with the AvaStudios team here.

How much does it cost to start an Evergreen Subnet?

To create a Subnet on testnet, it costs 1 fuji AVAX. Initial fees are available here to determine the costs of starting a specific Subnet. 

To create a Subnet on mainnet, it will require the following:

Hardware Wallet: To manage the control keys, and security of the Subnet
Validators
:  5 to 8 mainnet validators which will require a minimum of 2,000 AVAX per node
Block Explorer: A UI that allows users to view transactions on the network.
Indexing Service:
A way to index, read, write, and broadcast to the blockchain,
Bridge:
A solution to transfer assets between different networks and SubnetsSubnets costs are variable and can be architected appropriately for the use case that is desired. For more information about pricing, and service providers please reach out here.  

(AvaCloud) Managed Services

What are the managed services that we offer? 

Managed Validator Nodes 
AvaCloud takes the headache out of managing your blockchain's validator nodes for testnet and mainnet. Our team can assist with deploying the network, automated software updates, guaranteed backups, security patching, and auto scaling. Additionally, AvaCloud also provides AVAX staking services to fund your subnet validators, so you can focus your resources on building your web3 application.

Block Explorer 
The AvaCloud Explorer service allows a subnet to be accessed on subnets.avax.network. This is a dedicated explorer to track all activity on-chain in real time including advanced network performance metrics and stats for the subnet.

Glacier API 
The Glacier API provides Web 3 application developers with multi-chain data related to Avalanche's primary network, Avalanche subnets, and Ethereum. With Glacier, you can easily build products that leverage real-time and historical transaction and transfer history, native and token balances, and various types of token metadata. 

RPC Nodes
Avalanche RPC nodes provide secure, geographically distributed, and protected API endpoints you can use to interact with the Avalanche X/P/C chains

Dedicated Nodes
Get access to the Avalanche C-Chain archive nodes to query the entire history of the C-Chain mainnet or Subnet.

Other dedicated nodes options are available depending on the need and can be managed by the AvaCloud team. 

Avalanche Warp Messaging (AWM)
The AvaCloud team can implement Avalanche Warp Messaging (AWM) to enable native, out-of-the-box token bridging for a Subnet. Avalanche Warp Messaging allows a Subnet to communicate any type of message with other Subnets. 

What are some examples of custom Subnet deployments so far?

There are many Subnets in various stages of production and deployment across various industries and use cases. Please see below for links to some of these examples. 
Intain
Spruce
SK
TSM
Shrapnel
Meld
Deloitte
Dexalot

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